![]() The sight of the cauldron blazing with flames can be very magical and mesmerizing, and when the alcohol has been steeped in aromatic herbs, a sweet, but gently, incense like fragrance is produced. This is often done as part of a healing ritual, invocations to the elemental spirit of Fire, Scrying divinations, Sabbat fire festivals, and various working rituals. Many Witches pour a bit of ordinary surgical spirit into their cast-iron cauldrons and light it by carefully dropping in a lit match. Continue using the sachet until you feel that you no longer need it. Empower the sachet once a week, and make a new sachet once a month. See yourself standing surrounded by a white light. Close your eyes and imagine white energy travelling through your arms and into the sachet. Sit in a quiet place, preferably outdoors, and hold the sachet cupped in your hands. Take the purple cord or yarn and wrap it around the cloth 3 times, just above the high spot of the herbs. In a clockwise motion, bring the corners of these folds to the centre as well. when all corners are up and touching, there will be four folds sticking out. Bring each corner up to the centre one at a time, in a clockwise motion. Mix all ingredients well, then place into the center of white cloth in a pile. Herbal sachet for protection from negative energiesġ tsp dried Anise seed (any kind of Anise)ĩ inch by 9 inch square white cotton cloth Needless to say, you should replace the goddess name with one that you attune to. Repeat this ritual every Friday if necessary. Leave the other half of the potion in the bowl, out in a room where you will smell the fragrance. Carry it with you always (or until you find another love). Then put half the mixture in the pink bag and add the penny and crystal. All that is great and loving only belongs to me.’ I shine in the light of the Golden Wings of Isis. ![]() ![]() ‘I represent the Great Goddess, Mother of all things. Gaze deeply into the mirror after you have finished mixing the ingredients and say aloud: ‘Oh, Great Mother Goddess, enclose me in your loving arms and nurture and bring forth the Goddess within me.’ While you stir look at yourself in the mirror and say aloud: Cast a circle with the willow wand around a table the other ingredients. Apply makeup or groom yourself to look your best. Use a dab of strawberry oil as perfume or cologne. As you dry off and dress, sip the strawberry tea. On a Friday morning or evening (the day sacred to Venus) take a bath in sea salt in the light of a pink candle. You will need the following ingredients (be sure to charge them all before you begin):Ī bowl made of china or crystal that is special to youġ0 plus drops apple-blossom oil or peach oil ![]()
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![]() ![]() It's also much safer to work around than high-temperature, high-pressure steamers. However, it's also not hot enough to damage any materials inside a car, which we consider a feature. ![]() It has a 200ml/7.4oz tank that makes steam at 66 PSI up to 120☏/49☌, which isn't hot enough to disinfect. Vacuum titans Bissell makes 14 different steam cleaners but only one handheld model, the convenient little 1,000-watt Model 39N7A SteamShot. For those not satisfied, McCulloch's Kansas-based team will help you with a two-year warranty. The MC1275 steamer earns an Amazon’s Choice selection and, with over 13,000 customer reviews, has a strong 86% positive rating. We liked the lower 212☏/100☌ steam temperature because there's little risk of damaging anything, but hotter steam is more effective for cleaning. It comes with 18 accessories, which are mostly more useful for household use, rather than in a car. The McCulloch has a 15.7-foot power cord and 10-foot steam hose, and wheels at both ends, so it rolls around easily. If you don't need that much steam, filling the tank less allows it to heat faster. With a 48-ounce water tank, the McCulloch should provide enough steam for 45 minutes of continuous cleaning, with a trigger lock to keep it going without having to hold it down. We found heating time beat the advertised 10 minutes at around eight, although some users mentioned slower times. The McCulloch MC1275 has a 1,500-watt heating element, and the steam is pressurized to 43 PSI, so it really blasts away stuck on grit deep in cupholders. McCulloch regularly tops best steam cleaners lists, and when we bought one to test, we thought it was the best value, too. There are heated carpet extractors that combine suction and steam cleaning in one unit, but they are professional machines that usually only detailers would use and often cost over $1,000. A powerful shop vac, which has good suction and can suck up water, is perfect for this. Steam cleaners work best when you vacuum first to remove any loose dirt and then for maximum cleanliness, again afterward to pick up anything the steam cleaner has loosened from your car upholstery. There’s little water used in a given area, and between that and the heat, surfaces then dry rapidly. When the superheated steam comes out of the nozzle, the heat dissolves the bonds that are sticking tough dirt and stains to your car upholstery and other surfaces, while the moisture dilutes it to lift it away and keep it from sticking again. Because of this, steam cleaners are often very simple machines-the trigger or button to activate it might be the only moving part. Just creating steam, which increases the volume of liquid water over 1,700 times, creates all the pressure needed, and no additional pump is required. Because of this, they are often the only tool to get rid of stains and dirt that nothing else will touch.Ī steam cleaner simply uses plain tap water (or preferably distilled water), which it heats to over the boiling point of 212☏/100☌, and forces out under pressure through a nozzle. Steam cleaners clean differently from any other method you might use. ![]() ![]() He also served as Chairman of the Board for GIFT Atlantic Canada and was a board member of the Coca-Cola Research Council. In Wisconsin, you can initiate a return only if what you bought is unsafe to drink. In California and Georgiafor exampleTotal Wine only accepts returned items that are spoiled or bought by accident. The Total Wine return policy differs depending on state law. Potter was named to Canada's Top 40 Under 40 for Leadership. Discovering the Total Wine and More Return Policy. He earned his Bachelor of Management and MBA at Athabasca University and completed the Advanced Management Program at Harvard University. The Total Wine & More video channel is to share all the knowledge, fun and history about wine, beer or spirits with you. Take 10 off wine, beer, champagne, red wine, and more using this Total Wine promo code on any order over 50. Potter had full leadership and P&L responsibility for the approximately 800 Full Service and Community stores under the Sobeys, Safeway, Foodland, and Thrifty banners. ![]() As Executive Vice President of Operations, Mr. Total Wine & More in Indianapolis, IN at the Nora Corners Shopping Center is a wine, beer & spirits store with incredible selections at great prices. Shop today for the best selection and service. Total Wine & More is always looking for motivated, talented people who want to work for a company with entrepreneurial spirit and a passion for providing best-in-class service. 1460 East 86th Street Indianapolis, IN 46240. Most recently, he served as Executive Vice President of Operations, having previously served as President Sobeys West, Sobeys Atlantic and President of Multi-Format Operations. Total Wine & More offers more than 8,000 wines including red, white, sparkling and ros wines, from winemakers big and small. ![]() Potter served in successively senior executive positions. ![]() Buy online for home delivery or pick up in our store near you in Knoxville, TN. Potter has over 30 years of experience in the grocery industry, having spent the bulk of his career at Sobeys Inc., one of the largest food retailers in North America and a leader in perishables. Shop wines, spirits and beers at great prices, selection and service. ![]() ![]() Figure out how to fly, balance items on thin beams, and work with friction.Put your brain to work in this addictive puzzle game that millions of players already enjoyed in mobile platforms and now is finally ready for PC. Certain games let you modify gravity to your advantage. Learn how to play in the beginning rounds, and advance to trickier challenges. Each title includes many levels of varying difficulty. Use your science skills to win!Īmateur gamers and real-world scientists will love our selection of physics games. ![]() In the Green Physics games, you must figure out how to knock the golf ball into the hole. ![]() Circles roll on slanted ground, while squares are much harder to move. The Cyclop Physics series lets you transform different shapes. Many titles in our collection feature unique platform puzzles. You can roll balls, fling objects, and knock down barriers. ![]() Our physics games challenge you to work with gravity. io Games Car Games Basketball Games Games for Girls Racing Games Shooting Games 2 Player Games Stickman Games Dress Up Games Flying Games Skateboarding Games Logic Games Flappy Bird Games Thinking Games Skill Games Block Games Maze Games Subway Surfers Temple Run 2 Retro Bowl Venge.io Stickman Hook Who Is? Narrow.One Repuls.io Brain Test 2: Tricky Stories Friday Night Funkin' Idle Ants Moto X3M Stick Merge Parkour Race Mad GunZ Gold Digger FRVR Rocket Soccer Derby Like a King Sushi Party EvoWorld io (FlyOrDie io) Crossy Road Where is My Cat? Blocky Cars Combat Online Fury Wars Raft Wars Multiplayer Temple of Boom Smash Karts The Impossible Quiz Getaway Shootout Bad Ice-Cream Shell Shockers G-Switch 3 Brain Test: Tricky Puzzles Tunnel Rush YoHoHo.io Football Masters Idle Digging Tycoon Soccer Skills Champions League Onet Paradise Ludo Hero Merge Round Racers Iron Snout Merge Tycoon Life - The Game Snake.is MLG Edition House of Hazards Viking Village Apple Knight Fish Eat Fish Game of Farmers Tunnel Rush 2 Idle Gang Lines to Fill Nonogram Crazy Party Ninja.io Grow Up the Cats Shape Fold Nature Truck Loader 3 Z-Raid The Walking Merge Pick Up Associations Motorbike Games Popular Games. Space Games Ragdoll Games Parkour Games Funny Games Flip the Bottle Slime Laboratory Stacktris Poor Eddie Grab The Apple Marble Run Blast Red Ragdoll Fall 8 Ball Pool With Buddies Bonk Beach Ball String Theory Remastered Stickman Bike JollyWorld CircloO 2 Noob Hook Klung Slime Laboratory 2 Stupid Zombies Noob Drive Jetpack Joyride Marble Run 2D Burrito Bison Revenge Shotdogs BoxRob Blumgi Ball Short Life Learn 2 Fly Bouncy Catapult Moving Truck Stickman Climb 2 Breakoid Super Fowlst FlowZ Flipper Dunk kORi WALk BombHopper.io Roly-Poly Monsters Mini Train Roper Fowlst Puffy Cat Cut The Rope Cover Orange: Journey Sugar, Sugar 3 Truck Loader 2 Jelly Cat Truck Loader 5 Cover Orange: Gangsters Cover Orange Moving Truck: Construction Blumgi Slime Monkey Kick Swindler 2 BoxRob 3 Magic Bridge Moving Truck: Bounty Unicycle Legend Cover Orange: Pirates Cover Orange: Wild West Cat's Party Cover Orange: Space Blumgi Castle Mr Boomi BoxRob 2 Crab & Fish Super Fowlst 2 Blumgi Rocket Joyrider Eugene's Life Swindler Puffy Cat 2 Sugar, Sugar 2 Tower of Babel Short Life 2 Truck Loader Truck Loader 4 ![]() ![]() ![]() The AN/PRC - 41 Mobile Radio unit and handset were also painstakingly found, refurbished and installed. The interior boasts most all of the "equipment" used in the movie inside the vehicle including the Tektronix Oscilloscope, Analog/Digital Simulation Switch control panel, BGM -340 Guidance system and much more. It was modified to fit the Proton Packs just as in the original movie as well. The gurney is a Ferno-Washington model as was the original kind used in the movie. Brand new door panels were made and installed. The seats were disassembled, cleaned, repainted and reinstalled. Interior lighting was replaced with L.E.D. The entire dash cluster (1959) was disassembled, cleaned, prepped, painted and reinstalled. Steering wheel (1959) was completely refurbished,repainted and re-chromed before install. All new wiring was installed, dash was removed, ducts replaced, a 1959 dash was blasted, painted and installed seamlessly. The under side of the roof was then covered in rust protector before the new headliner was installed. Roof was reinforced with steel tubing to carry the weight of the roof rack. All new upholstery,windlace, headliner, and new divider wall behind the front seat was made. New carpet all around, movie correct "grey coin" floor covering was used in the back. The rear platform was rebuilt using steel tubing and wood overlay. Now for the details -The floor pan had a minor amount of rust that was cut out and replaced. Although there are many replicas out there, remember you get what you pay for and if you want a "true" GhostBusters Ecto1 - there are only a few even in existence today. We have all seen the "attempts" at replicas out there and the vast majority of themdon't even come close. Every detail was taken into consideration in order to make a car worthy of being called the "Ecto1". It started life as a 1960 Cadillac Miller Meteor Hearse and was then seamlessly blended with a 1959 Cadillac including the full front clip and full rear quarters, dash, steering wheel, gauges and much more to bring this Caddy to its full potential. This project took 3 years, no less than 3 donor cars and scouring the web for some of the most "unfindable" parts on the planet to make this car a reality. We have recreated this beauty and have spared no expense in doing so. The 1984 GhostBusters movie was iconic in many ways, but the now famous Ecto1 that transported the crew was a star in its own right. ![]() Ok, Here we go, Up for sale is an all out masterpiece of a car. The Holy Grail of Movie Cars is for sale just in time for the new GhostBusters 2020 Movie Description of 1959 Cadillac Commercial Chassis Miller Meteor ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Within stories, lowercase the events: e.g., halfpipe, men's downhill, women's slalom, men's figure skating, women's luge, two-man bobsled, men's skeleton. Others include biathlon mixed relay, figure skating team event, luge team relay and snowboard parallel slalom. New events: 12, including women's ski jumping, ski halfpipe and ski and snowboard slopestyle races. Seven on snow: Alpine skiing, biathlon, cross-country skiing, freestyle skiing, Nordic combined, ski jumping, snowboarding. Nations: more than 80 national teams will compete.Įight on ice: bobsled, curling, figure skating, hockey, luge, skeleton, speedskating, short track speedskating. Others are used in AP sports stories or contributed by Stephen Wilson, AP's Olympics beat writer. Russian Railways head Vladimir Yakunin later said the IOC member he should be charged with slander unless he can provide evidence.To help with spellings and usage in coverage of the Sochi Winter Olympics, The Associated Press compiled an editorial style guide of essential terms, spellings and definitions. An International Olympic Committee (IOC) member last week alleged that one-third of investment had been pinched - or about $18 billion. For comparison, that's four times the annual GDP of Tajikistan. dollars, that opposition politician Boris Nemtsov claims has been lost to theft during the preparations for the Sochi Olympics. In Sochi, some residents refer to the Olympics as "Olympiada Vladimirovna" - Vladimir’s Olympiad. Putin spoke in English and French at the ceremony. Sochi was selected over South Korea’s Pyeongchang and Austria’s Salzburg. ![]() dollars that Putin pledged to spend on preparations for the Olympics during his bid speech to the International Olympic Committee in Guatemala in 2007. The project was undertaken by Russian Railways, which is headed by Vladimir Yakunin, a long-time associate of President Vladimir Putin. Russian "Esquire" magazine calculated that for that price it could have been paved with a nine-centimeter layer of shredded Louis Vuitton handbags or foie gras to a depth of 22 centimeters. dollars of the new joint road and railroad linking Sochi’s Adler district with the Krasnaya Polyana Mountain Cluster. According to Stratfor’s estimate, this means there will be one law-enforcement officer for every 3.43 local residents. ![]() Some complain that Sochi resembles a "fortress." Russia’s far-reaching security measures - which include massive surveillance projects - have been dubbed "unprecedented" in modern Olympic history. With close to 100,000 security personnel, Sochi will have nearly four times the number deployed for the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Stratfor estimates. Islamic militants have vowed to disrupt the games. Security is a major concern in Sochi, which is close to Russia's restive North Caucasus region. It will have been carried by 14,000 torchbearers - including a 101-year-old table-tennis player and a gaggle of Siberian ice divers - during its relay from Red Square to the Black Sea resort, where it arrives on February 7.Ī figure "close to" the number of security personnel under control of the Federal Security Services (FSB) in Sochi, according to the Stratfor global intelligence company. The flame will have traversed all Russia’s 83 regions and republics. The record-breaking distance in kilometers traveled by the Olympic torch on its way to Sochi. The bombings prompted widespread security concerns over Sochi. The attacks on a historic city in the Russian heartland signaled North Caucasus Islamist militants are capable of striking beyond Russia’s restive southern fringes. The number of deadly bombings in Volgograd in the final three months of 2013. The torch, however, was not lit as combustion is impossible in open space and it was considered too dangerous to light inside the space station. No Olympic host had ever attempted this cosmic stunt during the torch relay that precedes the games. Two Russian cosmonauts took the torch outside the International Space Station for a spacewalk on November 9. The number of times Russia blasted the Olympic torch into space. How much does an Olympic medal weigh and how long does one take to produce? How many security personnel will be on the streets of Sochi during the games? And how many times could you have built the world's tallest skyscraper for the cost of the 2014 Olympic Games? RFE/RL's Tom Balmforth knows the answer. ![]() ![]() ![]() Fastest way of song sharing without internet through nearby sharing19. App is designed based on the concept of material design to make the experience native for Android users.15. System equaliser support is provided along with in-app equaliser within the Music Player App.14. Available in 40 different languages (English, Hindi, German, French, Chinese, Russian, Spanish, Turkish, Japanese, Indonesian, etc.).13. Share songs that you are currently listening on social media apps like Facebook, WhatsApp. Play songs in a selective order by adding to the currently playing list through Add to Queue feature.11. ![]() 5-band equalizer with powerful bass and virtualizer with reverb settings.10. Can set Ringtone within the music player.9. Remove annoying clips from Music Player while scanning the app.8. Create playlists as per your mood and add songs to them. 7. Elegant themes are available in two sets along with costume themes.5. Play songs directly from folder inside the App.4. ![]() Full widget support with list of songs.3. Browse songs in 6 different ways from the app (Playlist, Genre, folder, Artist, Album and songs).2. □ "Music Player" - A simple Music Player with a powerful equalizer packed with all the features better than any other music player available for your Android devices.This Music Player is one of the best music player with a stylish design.Features of Music Player1. Audify Music Player MOD APK 1.134.4, Latest, Unlocked ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() A Anime Journey Codes Anime Dimensions Codes Arch Piece Codes Anime Mania Codes Anime Rifts Codes Anime Battlegrounds X Codes Anime Clickers Simulator Codes Anime Warriors Codes Attack On Titan Evolution Codes Anime Brawl Codes Apeirophobia Codes Anime Squad Simulator Codes Anime Artifacts Simulator 2 Codes Anime Power Tycoon Codes Anime Evolution Simulator Codes All Of Us Are Dead Codes Anime Clicker Fight Codes Anime Story Codes Aimblox Codes Anime Strong Race Codes Anime Fighting Tycoon Codes Alphabet Lore Race Codes Anime Fly Race Codes Anime Fruit Simulator Codes Anime Defense Simulator Codes AU: Reborn Codes AO Adventure Codes Anime Weapon Simulator Codes Anime Showdown Codes AU: Reborn Codes Anime Star Simulator Codes Anime Lost Simulator Codes Anime Combat Simulator Codes Anime Universe Simulator Codes Avatar Rogue Benders Codes Avatar Rogue Benders Codes Avatar Rogue Benders Codes Anime Lands Simulator Codes Anime Lands Simulator Codes Anime Lands Simulator Codes Anime Punchers Simulator Codes Anime Punchers Simulator Codes Anime Punchers Simulator Codes ![]() ![]() ![]() However, Diamondback’s return has not gone unnoticed and they have quality bikes like Haanjo in their line-up to prove it. 4130 Road (Best Casual Commuter Road Bike)Īre you having a hard time deciding between a road bike and a mountain bike? If so, there is no better option for under $1,000 than the Diamondback Haanjo - a hybrid bike that offers the best of both worlds of road and MTB riding.ĭiamondback has been a quality bike brand for decades, but they lost some of their popularity at the onset of the new millennium. Lifetime Warranty (frame) State Bicycle Co.Whereas the frame is covered under a lifetime warranty. If you have any doubts about the Imola Endurance, Tommaso offers a 2-year warranty for all components other than the tires and tubes. This budget road bike cannot compete with a high-end model, but it holds its own for the asking price, which is a very reasonable $765. With specs and performance capabilities like these, the Tommaso Imola Endurance is hardly an entry-level road bike. Tommaso offers this top-notch road bike in sizes that range from XS to XL so that it is compatible with virtually any rider. These are parts that you often find on high-end road bikes - not budget-friendly options like the Imola Endurance. However, the most impressive characteristic of the Tommaso Imola Endurance is its Shimano Claris R2000 shifters. While this may raise some eyebrows from cyclists, Tommaso was still able to keep the weight of this bike down to a mere 23.8lbs. The Tommaso Imola Endurance features a superior aluminum frame and a quality steel fork. This enables the company to cut out the middleman and invest more in affordable bikes with advanced parts and components. To deliver quality bikes at a fraction of the price of its competition, Tommaso deals with its customers directly. Tommaso is not a major brand like some of the big-name companies in the industry, which is one of the reasons that it can keep its prices low. It is incredibly rare to find a road bike with specs like the Tommaso Imola Endurance for a price lower than $2,000. Shimano Parts Tommaso Imola Endurance (Best Performance Road Bike).The overall weight of the bike is 22.3 lbs, which is not going to win you any races but it’s still an efficient and impressive machine for its price point. If you consider the specs of the Polygon STRATTOS S2, it is remarkable that the manufacturer can sell it for just $700. In addition, high-quality Shimano parts can be found in various parts of the drive such as the shifters, cassette, and derailleur. The STATTOS S2 also features an impressive geometry that makes rides feel very comfortable and natural. The aesthetic of the bike is sleek, which is complemented by the internal cable housing. Polygon designed this road bike with a quality ALX QRx130mm aluminum frame that is light and durable. The carbon fork is excellent and it keeps the weight of the bike down while also absorbing vibrations significantly better than other materials. The Polygon STRATTOS S2 is an all-arounder that can be used for various riding styles. This is not a professional-grade road bike by any means, but it is not pretending to be either. ![]() Polygon STRATTOS S2 (Best Overall Road Bike)ġ0 years ago, it would be virtually impossible to find a road bike with carbon fiber parts for under $1,000, but the STRATTOS S2 from Polygon has proved that the industry has come a long way in the last decade. Let’s dive into the best road bike for under $1,000. ![]() If you can determine which qualities you want your road bike to have you can narrow down your search options. On the other hand, a lot of road bikes are hybrids that are designed to ride on paved, as well as gravel paths. If you are the kind of cyclist that prefers to ride a bike that is designed for speed, you may want to prioritize specs that favor a lightweight build with dynamic gear options. With that said, there are various road bikes available for under $1,000, but you need to carefully consider the specs and performance that you want your bike to have. As road bike technology advances, the parts used to make them become more accessible and manufacturers are able to create clever designs that increase performance while keeping costs low. While there are plenty of superior road bikes that cost tens of thousands of dollars, that by no means implies that you cannot find a phenomenal option on a budget. These bikes are designed for speed, endurance, and top-level performance, which implies that high-end parts are often required in the design. Traditionally, buying a quality road bike on a budget was next to impossible. ![]() Road bikes are as popular now as they ever have been and with the performance of these machines increasing annually, it’s easy to understand why. ![]() ![]() ![]() Research has also indicated that honey may possess anti-inflammatory activity and stimulate immune responses within a wound ( 17, 18). In an inflammatory model of colitis, honey was as effective as prednisolone treatment ( 16]. Natural honey exhibits bactericidal activity against many organisms including Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia col i ( 3, 15), Helicobacter pylori ( 9), etc. The most remarkable discovery was antibacterial activity of honey that has been mentioned in numerous studies ( 13, 14). Since a few decades ago, honey was subjected to laboratory and clinical investigations by several research groups. Ancient Egyptians, Assyrians, Chinese, Greeks and Romans employed honey for wounds and diseases of the intestine ( 12). For a long time, it has been observed that honey can be used to overcome liver, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal problems ( 11). However, it has a limited use in modern medicine due to lack of scientific support ( 10). Honey has had a valued place in traditional medicine for centuries ( 8, 9). Most of those compound works together to provide a synergistic antioxidant effect ( 3- 7). However, almost all natural honey contains flavonoides (such as apigenin, pinocembrin, kaempferol, quercetin, galangin, chrysin and hesperetin), phenolic acids (such as ellagic, caffeic, p-coumaric and ferulic acids), ascorbic acid, tocopherols, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), Millard reaction products and peptides. The composition of honey varies depending on the plants on which the bee feeds. Honey is composed primarily of fructose and glucose but also contains fructo-oligosaccharides ( 1) and many amino acids, vitamins, minerals and enzymes ( 2). It has been reported to contain about 200 substances. Honey is a natural product that has been widely used for its therapeutic effects. This review covers the composition, physico-chemical properties and the most important uses of natural honey in human diseases. Honey has also been used in some gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, inflammatory and neoplastic states. Antioxidant capacity of honey is important in many disease conditions and is due to a wide range of compounds including phenolics, peptides, organic acids, enzymes, and Maillard reaction products. ![]() Honey has been reported to have an inhibitory effect on around 60 species of bacteria, some species of fungi and viruses. In addition to important role of natural honey in the traditional medicine, during the past few decades, it was subjected to laboratory and clinical investigations by several research groups and it has found a place in modern medicine. Human use of honey is traced to some 8000 years ago as depicted by Stone Age paintings. It has been used both as food and medicine since ancient times. Honey has a very complex chemical composition that varies depending on the botanical source. Photo by Al Schneider.Honey is a by-product of flower nectar and the upper aero-digestive tract of the honey bee, which is concentrated through a dehydration process inside the bee hive. There are also examples of ambophilous (pollinated by two different classes of pollinators) flowers which are both wind and insect pollinated.Ĭlouds of pollen rise above an Engelmann spruce forest. The anthers may produce a large number of pollen grains, while the stamens are generally long and protrude out of flower. Anemophilous, or wind pollinated flowers, are usually small and inconspicuous, and do not possess a scent or produce nectar. ![]() Insects may visit them to collect pollen, but usually are ineffective pollinators and exert little natural selection on the flowers. Their stigmas may be large and feathery to catch the pollen grains. For this reason, wind-pollinated plants may be allergens, but seldom are animal-pollinated plants allergenic. These plants produce enormous numbers of small pollen grains. Wind pollinator flowers may be small, no petals, and no special colors, odors, or nectar. These flowers do not generally attract animal pollinators. Some are pollinated as the currents of wind or water act as vectors. Many flowers are pollinated without the aid of animals (insect, bird, or mammal). ![]() |
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